Predominantly , concerto was a style based upon the excessive and one after another application of light and massive voices (human) ; but in the 17th and 18th centuries turned out to be the pre-eminent form of instrumental music. Therefore, concerto’s common and conventional style today, is rather young. Three types of concerto have been comprised during history of music: Vocal Concerto, Grosso Concerto and concerto for soloist.
Vocal concerto. This concerto titled “Dakisza” (church concerto) has been common in the late 16th century. Gabrielle’s compositions are the vivid examples of it .This form is vocal , having spiritual and religious intent accompanied by instruments mostly limited to an organ and finally a type of cantat. On the other hand chamber concerto was found in the first half of the 17th century which is related to cantat, too.
Grossso concerto. This form is more chamber than ecclesiastic and is only possible to recognize by its character. In this form the instruments set into a challenge and the orchestra is divided into two groups : soloists group (concertive group) and the rest of the orchestra or grosso.
Concerto for soliloist.Was found in the early 18th century in the compositions of Torelly . He, despite by what was common in grosoo concerto selected only one soloist . Vivaldi and Handel expanded this form and Bach the sun, wrote a concerto for clavier .
Gradually , especially since Paganinni and List concerto has come to be a form to demonstrate the proficiency of the soloists. Most great musicians from Vivaldi To Delapicola has written compositions in concerto form and to most musical instruments, concerto has been written.
Concerto does not posses a particular polyphonic structure. Usually composed of three movements , each stopping on a cadence which is an opportunity for the soloist to demonstrate his (her) telnet of Improvisation and maneuvering over the themes of concerto. When the soloist finishes this section Orchestra plays the main theme in the form of coda and the movement is finished this way. Until the the 18th century Cadence was traditionally improvised. But this tradition specially since Beethoven was abandoned by the cautiousness it was considered about the cadence and the cadences were pre-composed too.
Most brilliant musicians has composed concertos. In here, you can listen to the third movement of violin concerto by Felix Mendelssohn (In Em, solo, proficiently played by Yehudi Menuhin) demonstrating perfectly, the proficiency of the soloist.